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         article-type="Research Paper"
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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>NFSU Journal of Forensic Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">nfsujfs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3049-2408</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Prof. (Dr.) Naveen Kumar Chaudhary</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nfsujfs330057</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reconstructing Telecom Fraud Networks: Operational Insights from CID</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vishal</surname>
            <given-names>Sundaram</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>K A</surname>
            <given-names>Vinay</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Brainware University</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">National Forensic Sciences University Goa Campus</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-24">
        <month>09</month>
        <day>24</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>29</fpage>
      <lpage>42</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>One of the most critical emerging threat to India&apos;s digital economy is the
Telecom-enabled fraud with estimated losses exceeding ₹50,000 crore over the past six
years. The paper provides a functional model of forensic network reconstruction, which is
based on field level investigations at Criminal Investigation Department (CID). The paper
not only explores the technical anatomy of SMS interception malware, but also investigates
the dynamics of fraud in the real world, specifically utilizing the cryptocurrency vectors,
and offers a specialized forensic tool, CDRAnalyz, to analyze Call Detail Records (CDRs).
These technical findings are contextualized in the research with references to the legal
provisions on Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023 [1], which
pertains to the admissibility of electronic evidence. The proposed system incorporates
malware reverse engineering, network topology analysis, and legal compliance systems to
improve investigation systems in fighting high-tech telecom based fraud ecosystems.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Telecom-enabled fraud</kwd>
        <kwd>SMS malware</kwd>
        <kwd>CDR analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Network mapping</kwd>
        <kwd>BSA
2023</kwd>
        <kwd>Cryptocurrency fraud.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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