NFSU Journal of Forensic Science

Fingerprints are one the most crucial evidences found at most of the crime scenes. Present article reports the synthesis of nickel cobaltite (NCO) nanoparticles using combustion method and their application for enhanced latent fingerprint (LFP) development on various surfaces. Phase purity of synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Synthesized NCO nanoparticles possess smaller crystallite size (~8nm). Due to this small crystallite size good clarity and fine details have been obtained in the developed fingerprints which allows to analyse up to third level classification. NCO nanoparticles were used for non-porous, semi-porous and porous surfaces to develop the latent fingerprints and have demonstrated superior fingerprint visualization and preservation. Current study also highlights the enhanced resolution of ridge characteristics and pore structure, paving the path to more accurate forensic fingerprint analysis. This paper also discussed and demonstrated that all the features of LFP are preserved in lifted fingerprints developed using NCO nanoparticle and also discussed the comparison of LFP features and characteristics developed using commercially used fingerprint powder and NCO nanoparticle. Detailed fingerprint analysis is performed using stereomicroscope of LFP developed on various surfaces for the measurement of average pore size, pore shape, pore density, density of NCO powder attached to sweat, minor details and ridge characteristics.

The study focuses on the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Goan rivers. Certain locations along Goan rivers were strategically selected and analysed for the collected water samples in order to determine the concentration and distribution of the PAH contaminants in it. In the samples, Acenaphthene were discovered to be present in significant concentrations that allowed us to infer that it is persistent in the environment. Pyrene was also detected in high concentrations especially in water samples collected near sediments signifying heavy contamination that may have been a result of industrial effluents and/or urban runoff. However, benzo[a]pyrene, a known carcinogen, has been found at various levels; its occurrence raises concern as it implies its potential long term environmental as well as public health hazards if consumed by the human body. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and mitigation measures to be taken in order to control sources of pollution in the river bodies and preserve these rivers within the Goan region from potential damage being caused.

This study titled "Microbial Analysis of Rabbit Skin Decomposition in Different Soil Compositions" focuses on understanding how varying soil compositions influence microbial activity during decomposition. The study was conducted over a period of 28 days, with observations recorded at seven-day intervals. Rabbit skin was used as the biological material to simulate soft tissue decomposition under natural soil conditions. Three distinct soil types—alluvial, black, and red soil were selected based on their contrasting physical and chemical properties. The analysis included bacterial staining, fungal staining, and pH measurement to assess microbial growth and environmental changes throughout the decomposition process. The results revealed significant differences in microbial activity among the soil types. Alluvial soil showed the highest microbial presence due to its nutrient-rich and well-balanced structure. Black soil exhibited moderate microbial growth, while red soil demonstrated the least activity, likely due to its low organic content and acidic nature. This study highlights the crucial role of soil type in influencing decomposition and microbial succession. The findings offer valuable insights for forensic applications, particularly in estimating the postmortem interval and understanding the decomposition process in various environmental conditions.